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Problem-solving therapy for depression: a meta-analysis.
Problem-Solving Therapy (PST) is a cognitive-behavioral intervention that focuses on training in adaptive problem-solving attitudes and skills. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a meta-analysis of controlled outcome studies on efficacy of PST for reducing depressive symptomatology. Based on results involving 21 independent samples, PST was found to be equally effective as other psychosocial therapies and medication treatments and significantly more effective than no treatment and support/attention control groups. Moreover, component analyses indicated that PST is more effective when the treatment program includes (a) training in a positive problem orientation (vs. problem-solving skills only), (b) training in all four major problem-solving skills (i.e., problem definition and formulation, generation of alternatives, decision making, and solution implementation and verification), and (c) training in the complete PST package (problem orientation plus the four problem-solving skills).
Clin Psychol Rev. 2009 Jun;29(4):348-53. Bell AC, D'Zurilla TJ. Stony Brook University, USA. alissa.bell@stonybrook.edu
What is the definition of the human ego? And, how do we know if it is healthy or not? Many dictionaries define ego as his sense of one’s self. Freud even talked about the ego being equal to consciousness. This would imply a level of self-awareness of oneself and how they distinguish between their personal boundaries and the rest of reality. When a person can function within their reality with a proper assessment of threats and opportunities, they could be considered to have a healthy ego.
When exploring the idea of the human ego, it is important to note how the concept has changed through...
Many people dream of living a life in which everything just seems to click. Their golf game is always under par, they attract the friends and relationships they desire, and even their finances always seem to be just as they had imagined. Others admire them. And, they feel pretty darn good about themselves. Don’t you wish that I just described you?
Mastering excellence in your life is a matter of choice and attitude. First you must believe that you can do it. Others have. Why not you? All you have to do is understand the steps and practice skills sufficiently so that you become an...
Let’s face it. For each and every one of us there is something or someone who inspires in us a level of anxiety and dread, which can reasonably be referred to as fear. For some it can be the thought of a snake, spider, dogs, or even wide open spaces. Others constantly live in utter misery as they tend to avoid many of the sights, sounds, and occurrences of modern-day life. What causes this and do we have a choice?
As humans we have a superior ability to anticipate and simulate. When we anxiously await the arrival of a person who we love or are overly concerned about the possibility...
